Relevance is vital in a good essay, and so is evidence marshalled in such a way that it produces a convincing argument. But nothing else really matters. The paragraph structure recommended above is just a guide, nothing more, and you can write a fine essay using a very different arrangement of material. Similarly, though it would be excellent if you wrote in expressive, witty and sparklingly provocative prose, you can still get top marks even if your essay is serious, ponderous and even downright dull. If, for instance, you are asked why Hitler came to power, you must define what this process of coming to power consisted of. Is there any specific event that marks his achievement of power? If you immediately seize on his appointment as Chancellor, think carefully and ask yourself what actual powers this position conferred on him. Was the passing of the Enabling Act more important? And when did the rise to power actually start? Will you need to mention Hitler’s birth and childhood or the hyperinflation of the early 1920s? If you can establish which years are relevant – and consequently which are irrelevant – you will have made a very good start. Then you can decide on the different factors that explain his rise. Every part of an essay is important, but the first paragraph is vital. This is the first chance you have to impress – or depress – an examiner format for resume cover letter, and first impressions are often decisive. You might therefore try to write an eye-catching first sentence. (‘Start with an earthquake and work up to a climax cover letters for applications,’ counselled the film-maker Cecil B. De Mille.) More important is that you demonstrate your understanding of the question set. Here you give your carefully thought out definitions of the key terms creative writing for the internet, and here you establish the relevant time-frame and issues – in other words, the parameters of the question. Also, you divide the overall question into more manageable sub-divisions, or smaller questions example of a case study in sociology, on each of which you will subsequently write a paragraph. You formulate an argument, or perhaps voice alternative lines of argument, that you will substantiate later in the essay. Hence the first paragraph – or perhaps you might spread this opening section over two paragraphs – is the key to a good essay. There are an infinite number of ways to write an essay because any form of writing is a means of self-expression. Your essay will be unique because you are unique: it’s up to you to ensure that it’s uniquely good, not uniquely mediocre. Save 35% with a student subscription to History Today The key word in the above paragraphs is think. This should be distinguished from remembering, daydreaming and idly speculating. Thinking is rarely a pleasant undertaking, and most of us contrive to avoid it most of the time. But unfortunately there’s no substitute if you want to get the top grade. So think as hard as you can about the meaning of the question, about the issues it raises and the ways you can answer it. You have to think and think hard – and then you should think again, trying to find loopholes in your reasoning. Eventually you will almost certainly become confused. Don’t worry: confusion is often a necessary stage in the achievement of clarity. If you get totally confused, take a break. When you return to the question, it may be that the problems have resolved themselves. If not, give yourself more time. You may well find that decent ideas simply pop into your conscious mind at unexpected times. Different sources require different formats when creating footnotes as the examples below will show great college essays samples, but generally you need to include the following information: Goot, Murray. 'Askin, Sir Robert William (Bob) (1907 - 1981)'. Australian Dictionary of Biography. 17. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2007. pp. 35-40. Thesis and dissertations Internet sources At the end of your essay list all the books, articles and other sources that you have cited in alphabetical order by the author's family name. You can divide the bibliography into sections, i.e. primary and secondary sources. Note that the inclusion of the production or distribution company is not compulsory. If you Statistics from ABS Quotations of more than forty words should be indented using single spacing phd with no thesis, without quotation marks, with the footnote provided at the end of the paragraph after the full stop. For example: Herbert Badham mba essay examples career goals, The Swimming Enclosure. 1941. Source: State Library of NSW, Sydney. Other sources that need to be referenced Iggers writing a essay for college, Georg. "Historiography from a Global Perspective," History and Theory 43 good definition essays topics, no. 1 (2004) http://www.blackwell.synergy.com/doi/abs. pp. 146-154. Chapter in an edited book Images, figures, maps, and other visual material This is when you rewrite someone else's ideas in your own words. The footnote number is placed at the end of the sentence, after the full stop. Book reviews 10 Murray Goot, 'Askin, Sir Robert William (Bob) (1907 - 1981)', Australian Dictionary of Biography. 17 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2007), pp. 35-40. Electronic journal articles Book reviews The Department of Modern History discourages the placing of non-bibliographical material in footnotes, as this indicates lack of editing and an attempt to get around the word limit. An exception is the inclusion of a translation of material included in the main text. Books Statistics from ABS Information from a lecture REFERENCING ESSAYS IN MODERN HISTORY Ask the unit convener for advice if you have any doubts about whether to reference or not. Books with two authors Additional material in footnotes If you would like to learn more about the journal or view our most recent issue, please visit our website: http://www.essaysinhistory.com/ Charles P. Kindleberger is Ford International Professor Emeritus of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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